ABSTRACT
Background: The efficacy and safety of pazopanib (PZP) have been evaluated in pivotal randomized, clinical trials Real-world evidence (RWE) is required to further assess its use, effectiveness and safety in mRCC in clinical routine practices. Methods: APOLON is a non-interventional, multicentric prospective study with mRCC patients who receive frontline PZP treatment. The study is designed to assess PZP Progression-Free Survival (PFS) (under treatment), Overall Survival (OS), Objective Response Rate (ORR) assessed by investigators, tolerability and subsequent post-pazopanib therapy sequences. Impact of COVID-19 on patient's care was also assessed. Eligible patients were recruited from Nov 2017 to Jan 2019 in 55 participant sites in France. This interim analysis presents results 30 months (mo) after last patient was enrolled in the study. Results: The 217 patients were 71.1% males, with a median age of 69.6 years and had mRCC with a favourable (27.1%), intermediate (52.1%) or poor (20.8%) IMDC risk score according to physician. ECOG-PS was 0, 1 and ≥2 in respectively 43.3%, 39% and 17.6% of patients. Metastases were mainly located in lungs (64.1%), bones (28.6%), mediastinal (18%)/abdominal (17.1%). Patients had an history of partial/total nephrectomy in 54.8% of cases and previous local treatments for metastases in 27.6%. Median PFS, assessed by investigator, was 10.5 mo (95%CI: 9-12.4), similarly in patients < 65-year-old (YO) with 11.3 mo (95%CI: 7-16.3) and in those ≥ 65 YO with 9.9 mo (95%CI: 8.9-12). When assessed according to the IMDC risk score, mPFS was 18.1 mo (95%CI: 9.9-23.3) in favourable, 11.5 mo (95%CI: 8.7-14.4) in intermediate and 6.2 mo (95%CI: 3.5-9.5) in poor mRCC. The median OS was 27.3 mo (95%CI: 24.3 - ND). Investigator-assessed ORR was 48.3% with a CR in 6 patients (3.5%) and a PR in 77 (44.8%). After a median treatment duration of 10.1 mo, 190 patients (87.6%) discontinued PZP and 67.9% received at least one post-PZP line. Second line post-PZP consisted in nivolumab (71.3%), cabozantinib (14.7%), sunitinib (7%) or other (7%). Adverse Event (AE) leading to PZP dose reduction and discontinuation were reported in 42% and 40.9% of patients and treatment-related serious AE in 22.2% of patients. No safety signal was newly identified. The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic was limited on patients' cares and study follow-up. Visits during the pandemic included 84.1% of tumour evaluation. For 29 patients (14.1%), follow-up visits were carried out as a teleconsultation. Few patients (5,7%) had no visits during the pandemic. Conclusions: The APOLON study confirms PZP effectiveness and safety in patients with mRCC in real-life setting. The efficacy of pazopanib remains significant in patients aged 65 years and older. It is highly associated with risk score. The COVID pandemics had limited impact on patients' cares.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed many lives and added to the social, economic, and psychological distress. The contagious disease has quickly spread to almost 200 countries following the regional outbreak in China. As the number of infected populations increases exponentially, there is a pressing demand for anti-COVID drugs and vaccines. Virtual screening provides possible leads while extensively cutting down the time and resources required for ab-initio drug design. The chapter aims to highlight the various computer-aided drug design methods to predict an anti-COVID drug molecule. © 2021, IGI Global.